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Turn off electrical appliance when not in use.
Use energy saving light bulbs which consumes less energy and last longer.
Use natural light when possible.
Close all curtains and binds to avoid direct sunlight which will bring up the temperature.
Clean air conditioner frequently coz dirty filters will result in the air conditioner working harder which consumes more power.
Clean aircon fan blades to ensure it works efficiently.
Stock your refrigerator appropriately – overloaded refrigerators use up more energy.
Let food cool before putting in the refrigerator.
Place refrigerator at least 4 inches away from the wall to avoid overworking the motor.
Open refrigerator only when necessary.
Boil only required amount of water.
Wash with your washing machine only when you have a full load but avoid overloading.
Before making an electrical appliance, get the retailers to explain on the energy consumption of the appliance.
Whenever possible, use more energy efficient appliances.
Geyser. Consumes around 39% of your total energy usage. Switch it off to reduce energy demand. Insulate it (with a geyser blanket) and the surrounding water pipes
Shower. Uses less water than bathing. Using less hot water means less work for the geyser. Install an energy efficient shower head – they use less water.
Lighting. Replace all incandescent bulbs with energy-saving compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). Switch off lights in unoccupied rooms
Standby electricity. Leaving TV’s, DVD’s, etc in standby mode still results in them using up to 50% of their operating power. Switch them off. Unplug cell phone and laptop chargers when not in use as they continue to draw power
Refrigeration. Close the fridge door quickly so that it does not use extra power to return to its optimal cooling level
Temperature management. Maintain the room temperature between 18-22°C. This is known as the golden zone. Use extra clothes and blankets to keep warm without using extra heaters. Close or partially close blinds and curtains to keep the sun rays out Eskom DSM 2008

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Make sure that doors between air conditioned and "un-air conditioned" spaces are closed at all times. The use of automatic doors, self-closing doors and air curtains should also be investigated.
Seal cracks and broken windows that allow air conditioned air to escape.
Install blinds and awnings to reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating rooms through windows in summer. By opening them in winter, more heat is allowed in, reducing the need for heating.
In areas that have high levels of natural light, consider switching off electric lights.
Replace incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent lamps.
Check airflow through the building. If it is not efficient it will require the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system to work harder to achieve desired temperatures.
Use wall and ceiling insulation to reduce heat loss and consider the installation of double glazed windows.
Consider installing a building management system that automatically connects the lighting and heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, automatically regulating use of both.

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Computers not in use are switched off.
Flat computer screens are used wherever possible as they use less energy than older monitors.
Appliances in kitchens are not left on (urns etc) when they are not required.
Don't leave office lights on at night in unoccupied areas
Use natural light during the day instead of switching on lights
 Install efficient lighting systems and get an expert to advise you when choosing lighting for the office
Installing electronic ballasts can save up to 60% of the electricity required.
Air conditioning is only running in rooms that are occupied.
Office heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems are working correctly. Make sure that they are operating effectively and that filters and belts are replaced regularly.
Fans and pumps are working correctly as they use significant amounts of electricity. Check on the placement of ducts and pipes to ensure that they are not incorrectly placed. Badly placed pipes and ducts result in pumps and fans working harder to deliver the same volumes. Leaky pipes, valves or
ducts need more power to deliver the same useful volume.
The pump or fan curve is matched to the load curve so that they operate efficiently. If they are not matched, trim impellers accordingly.
Where valves and damper vanes are used to regulate fluid or gas flow, they could be using too much energy if they are not matched to pumps and fans of the right size. Rectifying this saves electricity.

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Chillers: Determine the COP (coefficient of performance) of the chillers. Compare this to the manufacturer specification and a new chiller's performance for a benchmark. The COP is the relation between the amount of cooling of the chiller and the electricity used. The higher the COP, the more efficient the chiller. The COP usually ranges between 1,5 and 3,5.
Cooling Towers: The chiller performance is directly related to the cooling tower performance. Check the temperature of the return coolant from the condenser and the temperature of the coolant leaving the cooling tower. Compare the temperature change to the manufacture specification and a new cooling tower performance as a benchmark.
Ducts: Check cold air ducts for quality of insulation or for any leaks. If the insulation is not up to standard consider improving it. If there are leaks repair them because cooling energy is lost. Both cases would result in an increase of the HVAC's energy consumption.
Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers: Check if the humidifiers and dehumidifiers are working properly. If they are not working correctly the comfortable temperature range changes. When the dehumidifiers are not working correctly the operators reduce the inside temperature set point, to counter act the effect of high humidity. This increases the electricity consumption and can cause sick building syndrome. Sick building syndrome can also occur if the air is not humid enough. ISO and ASHREA have internationally recognised specification on the humidity and temperature set points.
Coolant pipes: Check that the coolant pipes do not leak. Check the insulation around the coolant piping. If the insulation is not up to scratch cooling is lost; this would increase energy electricity consumption.
Type of HVAC: VAV (Variable Air Volume) systems are usually more efficient than CAV (Constant Air Volume) systems.
Economiser: Determines if the economiser cycle is functioning properly.
VSD (Variable Speed Drives): VSD on the compressor motors can reduce consumption up to 50% depending on the system.
Lights: Install lights with low thermal emissions, the low thermal emissions would reduce the heat load of the building. A reduced heat load would reduce the energy electricity consumption of the HVAC system when cooling.

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Set internal temperature to the maximum acceptable point.
Evaluate night setback control against dynamic control.
Relate chilled water temperature to building load.
Reduce warm fresh air intake to an acceptable limit and recycle colder inside air. Consult international standards on the amount of fresh air that has to be supplied to a conditioned building.
Use the cold outside air during the night to cool the building (free cooling). This is usually done in places with low humidity.
Switch off non-essential electrical loads or enable power save mode, if available, during the night. This reduces non-essential electrical load energy, electricity consumption and reduces temperature build up in the building. Energy Electricity is also wasted by the HVAC system in overcoming this temperature build up.